At first I tried a normal image tag. No Luck. But then I replaced the image tag with the iframe tag, and voila. The image refreshes automatically. This is going to help a lot with some of my on page status images :) For those that are wondering, I'm serving the image via php along with the refresh header, setting the php file as the src of the ...Prime Number. A number which is only divisible by 1 and itself is called prime number. Numbers 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, etc. are prime numbers. 2 is the only even prime number. It is a natural number greater than 1 and so 0 and 1 are not prime numbers.Basic class definitions begin with the keyword class, followed by a class name, followed by a pair of curly braces which enclose the definitions of the properties and methods belonging to the class. The class name can be any valid label, provided it is not a PHP reserved word. A valid class name starts with a letter or underscore, followed by ... PHP Resource. The special resource type is not an actual data type. It is the storing of a reference to functions and resources external to PHP. A common example of using the resource data type is a database call. We will not talk about the resource type here, since it is an advanced topic.The <option> element nested inside the <select> element defines an option in the menu. Each option has a value attribute. The value attribute stores data submitted to the server when it is selected. If an option doesn’t have the value attribute, the value attribute defaults to the text inside the <option> element.If you want to know how to read if a checkbox is checked in PHP, this webpage provides you with a clear and concise answer. You will learn how to use the isset() function and the $_POST array to access the checkbox value and perform different actions based on it. You can also browse other related questions and answers on Stack …PHP 5.1.0: Added E_STRICT and E_NOTICE time zone errors. Valid range of timestamp is now from Fri, 13 Dec 1901 20:45:54 GMT to Tue, 19 Jan 2038 03:14:07 GMT. Before version 5.1.0 timestamp was limited from 01-01-1970 to 19-01-2038 on some systems (e.g. Windows). PHP 5.1.1: Added constants of standard date/time formats that can be used to …I've searched countless times for a minimal, dependency-free, and modern library. But couldn't find one that I could seamlessly integrate with my projects. Therefore, I created a PHP class that can easily be integrated with any project, whether the project's size is small or large. Source. Create a new file Calendar.php and add the following code:Here's how to run dual PHP instances with PHP 5.2 and any previous PHP on Windows 2003:1. Right-click My Computer, go to Advanced tab, and click on Environment Variables.Add the two installations and their EXT directories to the Path variable.26) Explain PHP variable length argument function. PHP supports variable length argument function. It means you can pass 0, 1 or n number of arguments in function. To do this, you need to use 3 ellipses (dots) before the argument name. The 3 dot concept is implemented for variable length argument since PHP 5.6.Summary: in this tutorial, you’ll learn how to use PHP heredoc and nowdoc strings to improve the readability of the code.. Introduction to the PHP heredoc string. When you place variables in a double-quoted string, PHP will expand the variable names.If a string contains the double quotes (“), you need to escape them using the backslash character(\PHP is a general-purpose scripting language geared towards web development. It was originally created by Danish-Canadian programmer Rasmus Lerdorf in 1993 and …Jan 2, 2024 · PHP 8.2: 265 req/s. PHP 8.3: 341 req/s. Joomla 4.3.3 performance on PHP 8.1, 8.2, and 8.3 (in requests/second). In our tests, PHP 8.1 and 8.2 benchmarks for Joomla didn’t vary significantly. On the other hand, with PHP 8.3, we saw an uplift of nearly 30%, making 8.3 the smartest choice for running your site. Tổng hợp các bài hướng dẫn tự học php theo từng bước, các bài học lập trình php được biên soạn theo từng chủ đề giúp việc tự học php online của các bạn trở.An array in PHP is actually an ordered map. A map is a type that associates values to keys. This type is optimized for several different uses; it can be treated as an array, list (vector), hash table (an implementation of a map), dictionary, collection, stack, queue, and probably more. As array values can be other array s, trees and multidimensional array s are also …PhpStorm is a development tool for PHP and Web projects. It’s a perfect PHP IDE for working with Laravel, Symfony, Drupal, WordPress, and other frameworks. Try PhpStorm …pub 2048R/31CBD89E 2016-12-08 Key fingerprint = 5289 95BF EDFB A719 1D46 839E F9BA 0ADA 31CB D89E uid Joe Watkins <[email protected]> pub rsa4096 2021-04-26 [SC] [expires: 2025-11-24] 39B6 4134 3D8C 104B 2B14 6DC3 F9C3 9DC0 B969 8544 uid [ultimate] Ben Ramsey <[email protected]> sub rsa4096 2021-04-26 [E] [expires: 2025-11-24] pub rsa4096 2021-04-01 [SC] F1F6 9223 8FBC 1666 E5A5 CCD4 199F 9DFE F6FF ... PHP is a server scripting language, and a powerful tool for making dynamic and interactive Web pages. PHP is a widely-used, free, and efficient alternative to competitors such as …0:00 / 3:15:36. Your first step in learning PHP. We will go over all of the fundamentals and create a small PHP/MySQL project.⭐ Sponsor: https://linode.com/traversy💻 Gith... SCB to PHP Chart. Sacabam (SCB) is worth ₱0.054338 today, which is a 1.9% decline from an hour ago and a 0.3% decline since yesterday. The value of SCB today is 5.9% lower compared to its value 7 days ago. In the last 24 hours, the total volume of Sacabam traded was ₱11,305,842.Jul 12, 2023 · The table below compares the top PHP frameworks in 2023: Laminas (Zend Framework) Built-in ORM (Active Record) Zend Db (Laminas ORM) MySQL, PostgreSQL, SQLite, etc. Built-in testing support (PHPUnit) Built-in testing support (PHPUnit) Decent number of libraries and plugins. Broad range of packages and bundles. You can also call the script from the command line after chmod'ing the file (ie: chmod 755 file.php). On your first line of the file, enter "#!/usr/bin/php" (or to wherever your php executable is located). If you want to suppress the PHP headers, use the line of "#!/usr/bin/php -q" for your path. up. down. sneskid at hotmail dot com. On two different servers I found that crc32 () relates to hash ('crc32b',)This may be good to know if you are writing a crc32_file function based on hash_file.(The example does not compensate for negative crc32 results) hash_ algos. hash_ copy. hash_ equals. hash_ file. hash_ final. hash_ hkdf. The simplest way to specify a string is to enclose it in single quotes (the character ' ). To specify a literal single quote, escape it with a backslash ( \ ). To specify a literal backslash, double it ( \\ ). All other instances of backslash will be treated as a literal backslash: this means that the other escape sequences you might be used to ... Also, these settings can be overridden by PHP. In these cases the only way to show those errors is to modify your php.ini (or php-fpm.conf) with this line: display_errors = on. (if you don't have access to php.ini, then putting this line in .htaccess might work too): php_flag display_errors 1.PHP Create/Retrieve a Cookie. The following example creates a cookie named "user" with the value "John Doe". The cookie will expire after 30 days (86400 * 30). The "/" means that the cookie is available in entire website (otherwise, select the directory you prefer). We then retrieve the value of the cookie "user" (using the global variable ...XRP / PHP Conversion Tables. The conversion rate of XRP (XRP) to PHP is ₱29.08 for every 1 XRP. This means you can exchange 5 XRP for ₱145.39 or ₱50.00 for 1.72 XRP, excluding fees. Refer to our conversion tables for popular XRP trading amounts in their corresponding PHP prices and vice versa.First, create the login.php page in the public folder. Second, define a login form with the username and password inputs and a login button: Like the register.php page, you can reuse the header.php and footer.php files from the src/inc folder and use the view () function to load them to the login.php page as follows: The login form submits to ...The <option> element nested inside the <select> element defines an option in the menu. Each option has a value attribute. The value attribute stores data submitted to the server when it is selected. If an option doesn’t have the value attribute, the value attribute defaults to the text inside the <option> element.Summary: in this tutorial, you’ll learn how to use PHP heredoc and nowdoc strings to improve the readability of the code.. Introduction to the PHP heredoc string. When you place variables in a double-quoted string, PHP will expand the variable names.If a string contains the double quotes (“), you need to escape them using the backslash character(\PHP Conditional Statements. Very often when you write code, you want to perform different actions for different conditions. You can use conditional statements in your code to do this. In PHP we have the following conditional statements: if statement - executes some code if one condition is true Definition and Usage. The strtoupper () function converts a string to uppercase. Note: This function is binary-safe. Related functions: strtolower () - converts a string to lowercase. lcfirst () - converts the first character of a string to lowercase. ucfirst () - converts the first character of a string to uppercase.Available flags; Flag Description; FILE_USE_INCLUDE_PATH: Search for filename in the include directory. See include_path for more information.: FILE_APPEND: If file filename already exists, append the data to the file instead of overwriting it.: LOCK_EX: Acquire an exclusive lock on the file while proceeding to the writing.object. Procedural style only: A DateTime object returned by date_create () format. The format of the outputted date string. See the formatting options below. There are also several predefined date constants that may be used instead, so for example DATE_RSS contains the format string 'D, d M Y H:i:s' .PHP User Defined Functions. Besides the built-in PHP functions, it is possible to create your own functions. A function is a block of statements that can be used repeatedly in a program. A function will not execute automatically when a page loads. A function will be executed by a call to the function. PHP programs are frequently asked in the interview. These programs can be asked from basics, control statements, array, string, oops, file handling etc. Let's see the list of top PHP programs. 1) Sum of Digits. Write a PHP program to print sum of digits. Input: 23. Output: 5. Input: 624. Output: 12. 2) Even or odd number. Input: 23. Output: odd number. Input: 12. …Dec 19, 2021 · Just like any other programming language, PHP also supports various types of operations like arithmetic operations (addition, subtraction, etc), logical operations (AND, OR etc), Increment/Decrement Operations, etc. Thus, PHP provides us with many operators to perform such operations on various operands or variables, or values. Get Building With These PHP Projects. In this article, we share the 13 best php projects in 2024 with source code. Yes, despite JavaScript being everywhere, PHP still powers the server side of more than 75% of websites, including tech giants like WordPress, Facebook, and Wikipedia. That might surprise you!This algorithm is only available if PHP has been compiled with Argon2 support. Supported options for PASSWORD_BCRYPT: salt (string) - to manually provide a salt to use when hashing the password. Note that this will override and prevent a salt from being automatically generated. If omitted, a random salt will be generated by …PHP Create/Retrieve a Cookie. The following example creates a cookie named "user" with the value "John Doe". The cookie will expire after 30 days (86400 * 30). The "/" means that the cookie is available in entire website (otherwise, select the directory you prefer). We then retrieve the value of the cookie "user" (using the global variable ...This package was approved as a trusted package on 17 Jan 2024. Description. PHP is an HTML-embedded scripting language. Much of its syntax is borrowed from C, Java and Perl with a couple of unique PHP-specific features thrown in. The goal of the language is to allow web developers to write dynamically generated pages quickly.PHP Agency is a tech-enabled FMO headquartered in Addison, Texas. PHP’s 27,000+ licensed life insurance agents have educated and served over 450,000 American families. About UsDescription ¶. $_SERVER is an array containing information such as headers, paths, and script locations. The entries in this array are created by the web server, therefore there is no guarantee that every web server will provide any of these; servers may omit some, or provide others not listed here. However, most of these variables are ...For Beginners to anything php, it is usually stored in the C:/ path folder of your PC (My Computer). ==On Windows== 1.Click Start Menu button 2.Type cmd and press enter to select the first program/application that responds to your search result. A black window terminal will appear, this is known as a Command Line Interpreter 3.In the …Inheritance in OOP = When a class derives from another class. The child class will inherit all the public and protected properties and methods from the parent class. In addition, it can have its own properties and methods. An inherited class is defined by using the extends keyword. Let's look at an example: Example.Learn the basic syntax of PHP, a popular scripting language for web development. This tutorial covers how to write and execute PHP code, how to use comments, variables, operators, and data types. You will also learn how to use echo and print statements to output data to the screen.Imagick::autoLevelImage — Adjusts the levels of a particular image channel. Imagick::averageImages — Average a set of images. Imagick::blackThresholdImage — Forces all pixels below the threshold into black. Imagick::blueShiftImage — Mutes the colors of the image. Imagick::blurImage — Adds blur filter to image.This algorithm is only available if PHP has been compiled with Argon2 support. Supported options for PASSWORD_BCRYPT: salt (string) - to manually provide a salt to use when hashing the password. Note that this will override and prevent a salt from being automatically generated. If omitted, a random salt will be generated by …Start a PHP Session. A session is started with the session_start () function. Session variables are set with the PHP global variable: $_SESSION. Now, let's create a new page called "demo_session1.php". In this page, we start a new PHP session and set some session variables:PHP Tutorial. PHP (Hypertext Preprocessor) is a versatile and widely-used server-side scripting language for creating dynamic and interactive web applications. Whether you’re a seasoned developer or a beginner eager to delve into the world of web development, this PHP tutorial is your gateway to mastering the intricacies of PHP …Sep 26, 2023 · Great if you like your tutorials to the point. 11. Learn-php.org Free Interactive PHP Tutorial. Learn-php.org free interactive PHP tutorial. The unique thing about this PHP tutorial is that it’s a set of interactive exercises that encourage you to try out coding and see if you can get the expected output. object. Procedural style only: A DateTime object returned by date_create () format. The format of the outputted date string. See the formatting options below. There are also several predefined date constants that may be used instead, so for example DATE_RSS contains the format string 'D, d M Y H:i:s' .PHP Version: 4+ PHP Changelog: PHP 7.2: The headers parameter also accepts an array PHP 5.4: Added header injection protection for the headers parameter. PHP 4.3.0: (Windows only) All custom headers (like From, Cc, Bcc and Date) are supported, and are not case-sensitive. PHP 4.2.3: The parameter parameter is disabled in safe modeThe optional timestamp parameter in the date () function specifies a timestamp. If omitted, the current date and time will be used (as in the examples above). The PHP mktime () function returns the Unix timestamp for a date. The Unix timestamp contains the number of seconds between the Unix Epoch (January 1 1970 00:00:00 GMT) and the time ... Rules for PHP variables: A variable starts with the $ sign, followed by the name of the variable. A variable name must start with a letter or the underscore character. A variable name cannot start with a number. A variable name can only contain alpha-numeric characters and underscores (A-z, 0-9, and _ )Available flags; Flag Description; FILE_USE_INCLUDE_PATH: Search for filename in the include directory. See include_path for more information.: FILE_APPEND: If file filename already exists, append the data to the file instead of overwriting it.: LOCK_EX: Acquire an exclusive lock on the file while proceeding to the writing.Bind variables for the parameter markers in the SQL statement prepared by mysqli_prepare () or mysqli_stmt_prepare () . Note: If data size of a variable exceeds max. allowed packet size (max_allowed_packet), you have to specify b in types and use mysqli_stmt_send_long_data () to send the data in packets. Note:The simplest way to specify a string is to enclose it in single quotes (the character ' ). To specify a literal single quote, escape it with a backslash ( \ ). To specify a literal backslash, double it ( \\ ). All other instances of backslash will be treated as a literal backslash: this means that the other escape sequences you might be used to ... Mar 16, 2022 · Click on the Advanced system settings link in the left column. From the System Properties window, click on the Advanced tab, and then click on the Environment Variables button at the bottom. Select the Path variable from the System Variables section, and then click on Edit. Add: c:\php to your system path. Create your own server using Python, PHP, React.js, Node.js, Java, C#, etc. How To's. Large collection of code snippets for HTML, CSS and JavaScript. CSS Framework. Build fast and responsive sites using our free W3.CSS framework Browser Statistics. Read long term trends of browser usage. Typing Speed. Test your typing speed. AWS Training. …The "dogmatic way" to write PHP is to rely on the language's loose typing system, which will transparently coerce the type as needed. For integer values, this is usually without trouble. You should be very careful with floating point values, though. Share. Improve this answer. Follow edited May 25, 2011 at 9:08. Peter Mortensen. 30.8k 22 22 …This algorithm is only available if PHP has been compiled with Argon2 support. Supported options for PASSWORD_BCRYPT: salt (string) - to manually provide a salt to use when hashing the password. Note that this will override and prevent a salt from being automatically generated. If omitted, a random salt will be generated by …SCB to PHP Chart. Sacabam (SCB) is worth ₱0.054338 today, which is a 1.9% decline from an hour ago and a 0.3% decline since yesterday. The value of SCB today is 5.9% lower compared to its value 7 days ago. In the last 24 hours, the total volume of Sacabam traded was ₱11,305,842.I've searched countless times for a minimal, dependency-free, and modern library. But couldn't find one that I could seamlessly integrate with my projects. Therefore, I created a PHP class that can easily be integrated with any project, whether the project's size is small or large. Source. Create a new file Calendar.php and add the following code:Adding in form in PHP; Adding without using arithmetic operator (+). Adding in Simple Code. Addition of two numbers 15 and 30 is shown here. Example: Output: Adding in Form. Two numbers can be added by …PHP 7 has introduced a new kind of operator called spaceship operator. The spaceship operator or combined comparison operator is denoted by “<=>“. These operators are used to compare values but instead of returning the boolean results, it returns integer values. If both the operands are equal, it returns 0. If the right operand is greater, it …Moving on, this hospital management system project in PHP focuses mainly on dealing with the patient, doctor, and hospital records. Also, the system displays all the available hospital departments and their respective doctors. In addition, the system allows creating a patient’s personal account too. This project is divided into three categories.Rules for PHP variables: A variable starts with the $ sign, followed by the name of the variable. A variable name must start with a letter or the underscore character. A variable name cannot start with a number. A variable name can only contain alpha-numeric characters and underscores (A-z, 0-9, and _ )(PHP 4, PHP 5, PHP 7, PHP 8) time — Return current Unix timestamp. Description. time (): int. Returns the current time measured in the number of seconds since the Unix Epoch (January 1 1970 00:00:00 GMT). Note: Unix timestamps do not contain any information with regards to any local timezone.PHP Form Validation - W3SchoolsLearn how to validate user input in PHP forms with simple and secure methods. This tutorial covers topics such as required fields, email format, numeric values, and more. You will also find examples and exercises to practice your skills.The optional timestamp parameter in the date () function specifies a timestamp. If omitted, the current date and time will be used (as in the examples above). The PHP mktime () function returns the Unix timestamp for a date. The Unix timestamp contains the number of seconds between the Unix Epoch (January 1 1970 00:00:00 GMT) and the time ... Example Get your own PHP Server. When the user fills out the form above and clicks the submit button, the form data is sent for processing to a PHP file named "welcome.php". The form data is sent with the HTTP POST method. To display the submitted data you could simply echo all the variables. The "welcome.php" looks like this: Jun 17, 2022 · PHP is a server-side scripting language designed specifically for web development. It is open-source which means it is free to download and use. It is very simple to learn and use. The files have the extension “.php”. Rasmus Lerdorf inspired the first version of PHP and participated in the later versions. It is an interpreted language and ... If you want to know how to read if a checkbox is checked in PHP, this webpage provides you with a clear and concise answer. You will learn how to use the isset() function and the $_POST array to access the checkbox value and perform different actions based on it. You can also browse other related questions and answers on Stack …PHP (short for Hypertext PreProcessor) is the most widely used open source and general purpose server side scripting language used mainly in web development to create dynamic websites and applications. It was developed in 1994 by Rasmus Lerdorf. A survey by W3Tech shows that almost 79% of the websites in their data are developed …Mar 16, 2022 · Click on the Advanced system settings link in the left column. From the System Properties window, click on the Advanced tab, and then click on the Environment Variables button at the bottom. Select the Path variable from the System Variables section, and then click on Edit. Add: c:\php to your system path. Log into Facebook to start sharing and connecting with your friends, family, and people you know.This algorithm is only available if PHP has been compiled with Argon2 support. Supported options for PASSWORD_BCRYPT: salt (string) - to manually provide a salt to use when hashing the password. Note that this will override and prevent a salt from being automatically generated. If omitted, a random salt will be generated by …Aug 30, 2021 · Get started. PHP is an open-source server-side scripting language that many devs use for web development. It is also a general-purpose language that you can use to make lots of projects, including Graphical User Interfaces (GUIs). In this article, I will help you explore the world of PHP so you can learn. Create your own server using Python, PHP, React.js, Node.js, Java, C#, etc. How To's. Large collection of code snippets for HTML, CSS and JavaScript. CSS Framework. Build fast and responsive sites using our free W3.CSS framework Browser Statistics. Read long term trends of browser usage. Typing Speed. Test your typing speed. AWS Training. …As of PHP 8.0.0, the decimal point character is always a period ("."). Prior to PHP 8.0.0, the decimal point character is defined in the script's locale (category LC_NUMERIC). See the setlocale() function. Array s are always converted to the string "Array"; because of this, echo and print can not by themselves show the contents of an array. To view a single ...The user friendly PHP online compiler that allows you to Write PHP code and run it online. The PHP text editor also supports taking input from the user and standard libraries. It …each — Return the current key and value pair from an array and advance the array cursor. end — Set the internal pointer of an array to its last element. extract — Import variables into the current symbol table from an array. in_array — Checks if a value exists in an array. key_exists — Alias of array_key_exists.When PHP reaches a break keyword, it breaks out of the switch block. This will stop the execution of more code, and no more cases are tested. The last block does not need a break, the block breaks (ends) there anyway. Warning: If you omit the break statement in a case that is not the last, and that case gets a match, the next case will also be ...
Jun 17, 2022 · PHP is a server-side scripting language designed specifically for web development. It is open-source which means it is free to download and use. It is very simple to learn and use. The files have the extension “.php”. Rasmus Lerdorf inspired the first version of PHP and participated in the later versions. It is an interpreted language and ... . 1046
Supported Versions. Each release branch of PHP is fully supported for two years from its initial stable release. During this period, bugs and security issues that have been reported are fixed and are released in regular point releases. After this two year period of active support, each branch is then supported for an additional year for ...Create your own server using Python, PHP, React.js, Node.js, Java, C#, etc. How To's. Large collection of code snippets for HTML, CSS and JavaScript. CSS Framework. Build fast and responsive sites using our free W3.CSS framework Browser Statistics. Read long term trends of browser usage. Typing Speed. Test your typing speed. AWS Training. …Prime Number. A number which is only divisible by 1 and itself is called prime number. Numbers 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, etc. are prime numbers. 2 is the only even prime number. It is a natural number greater than 1 and so 0 and 1 are not prime numbers.PHP is a popular general-purpose scripting language that powers everything from your blog to the most popular websites in the world. PHP is a popular general-purpose scripting language that powers everything from your blog to the most popular websites in the world. Downloads; Documentation; Get Involved; Help; Getting Started Introduction A simple …See Also. str_contains() - Determine if a string contains a given substring str_ends_with() - Checks if a string ends with a given substring stripos() - Find the position of the first occurrence of a case-insensitive substring in a string strrpos() - Find the position of the last occurrence of a substring in a string strripos() - Find the position of the last occurrence of …Bind variables for the parameter markers in the SQL statement prepared by mysqli_prepare () or mysqli_stmt_prepare () . Note: If data size of a variable exceeds max. allowed packet size (max_allowed_packet), you have to specify b in types and use mysqli_stmt_send_long_data () to send the data in packets. Note:PHP is a server scripting language, and a powerful tool for making dynamic and interactive Web pages. PHP is a widely-used, free, and efficient alternative to competitors such as Microsoft's ASP. Start learning PHP now ». Beware of using addslashes () on input to the serialize () function. serialize () stores strings with their length; the length must match the stored string or unserialize () will fail. Such a mismatch can occur if you serialize the result of addslashes () and store it in a database; some databases (definitely including PostgreSQL) automagically ... PHP programs are frequently asked in the interview. These programs can be asked from basics, control statements, array, string, oops, file handling etc. Let's see the list of top PHP programs. 1) Sum of Digits. Write a PHP program to print sum of digits. Input: 23. Output: 5. Input: 624. Output: 12. 2) Even or odd number. Input: 23. Output: odd number. Input: 12. …(PHP 8) The match expression branches evaluation based on an identity check of a value. Similarly to a switch statement, a match expression has a subject expression that is compared against multiple alternatives. Unlike switch, it will evaluate to a value much like ternary expressions. Unlike switch, the comparison is an identity check (===) rather than …If you want to know how to read if a checkbox is checked in PHP, this webpage provides you with a clear and concise answer. You will learn how to use the isset() function and the $_POST array to access the checkbox value and perform different actions based on it. You can also browse other related questions and answers on Stack …PHP programs are frequently asked in the interview. These programs can be asked from basics, control statements, array, string, oops, file handling etc. Let's see the list of top PHP programs. 1) Sum of Digits. Write a PHP program to print sum of digits. Input: 23. Output: 5. Input: 624. Output: 12. 2) Even or odd number. Input: 23. Output: odd number. Input: 12. …PHP 8.0.0 introduced named arguments as an extension of the existing positional parameters. Named arguments allow passing arguments to a function based on the parameter name, rather than the parameter position. This makes the meaning of the argument self-documenting, makes the arguments order-independent and allows ….