2024 List of fda approved bioidentical hormones

(See Table for a list of FDA-approved bioi-dentical HT products.) Another hormone, testosterone (shown to improve sexual desire), is not currently available as an FDA-approved bioidentical product. Confusion and unsubstantiated claims surround the custom-compounded bioidentical hormone therapy products used to treat . Chat atandt

These types are approved and regulated by the FDA, and they are made by drug companies. Some bioidentical hormones are available in a compounding pharmacy. Compounded bioidentical hormones may be put into a capsule, a skin cream or gel, a tablet to dissolve under your tongue, a suppository, or a nose spray.Custom hormone treatments, called compounded bioidentical hormone therapies (cBHTs), are often promoted by celebrities as natural or safer than FDA-approved therapies. UConn toxicologist José Manautou, who heads the department of pharmaceutical sciences, served on the committee that wrote the National Academies report.Compounded “Bioidentical” Hormone Therapy (cBHT), particularly estrogen and progesterone, have been promoted by some as safer and more effective alternatives to manufactured FDA-approved hormone therapies (HT) for relief of symptoms of the menopause. In fact, little or no scienti˜ c evidence exists to support suchSource: goodtoknow.co.uk. On the other hand, many of these points may be directly treated with bioidentical hormone alternative therapy. Hormone preparations specially tailor made for patients by compounding pharmacies, often known as bioidentical hormones, are extensively touted as being safer and more natural than Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved variations of hormones.Hormone Route of administration Bioidentical brand name (active pharmaceutical ingredient) Non-Bioidentical brand name (active pharmaceutical ingredient) Estrogen: Oral: FDA-approved Estrace®, generics (17β-estradiol)Available compounded (not FDA-approved) Estradiol (E2), estriol (E3), biestrogen (E2E3), triestrogen (E1E2E3) FDA-approvedCompounded “bioidentical hormone therapy” (BHT) products, such as progesterone and testosterone, are used by some providers and patients instead of FDA-approved drug products for hormone therapy.Estrogen, progesterone and testosterone are the most commonly used bioidentical hormones. Some prescription forms of bioidentical hormones are premade by drug companies. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved certain types of bioidentical hormones.Oct 24, 2017 · See Table 1 for a list of FDA-approved bioidentical hormone preparations. Moreover, supplementation with scientifically studied herbs such as Dong quai ( Angelica sinensis ) and licorice ( Glycyrrhiza glabra ) root can further promote healthy metabolism of female hormones and complement the actions of bioidentical HRT. Jun 27, 2023 · Biote is a company that specializes in hormone optimization using bioidentical hormone pellets, explains David J. Watson, M.D., an OB-GYN at Littleton Gynecology and Wellness in Littleton ... compounded drugs, and then it reviews key regulatory issues related to the U.S. compounded drug market. 2 FDA-APPROVED DRUG PRODUCTS. FDA approves a new drug for public use only after careful review of data from preclinical studies in animals and human clinical trials that determine whether the benefits of the drug outweigh its known and potential risks.Compounded bioidentical hormone replacement therapy (BHRT) products such as progesterone and testosterone, are used at times instead of FDA-approved drugs for hormone replacement therapy.Mar 10, 2021 · Source: goodtoknow.co.uk. On the other hand, many of these points may be directly treated with bioidentical hormone alternative therapy. Hormone preparations specially tailor made for patients by compounding pharmacies, often known as bioidentical hormones, are extensively touted as being safer and more natural than Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved variations of hormones. Bioidentical hormones are synthetic (artificial) hormones often confused with natural hormones derived from plants. Standard BHRT is tested, approved, and regulated by the FDA, while cBHRT is not. Many people prefer BHRT because of its perceived safety and because it can be customized.FDA Approved Drugs. The following database contains a listing of drugs approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for sale in the United States. Drug information typically includes the drug name, approval status, indication of use, and clinical trial results. A.The gap between a need for effective menopausal treatment and available therapies with a perceived acceptable risk/benefit ratio vastly expanded the use of non-Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved compounded hormone therapy (CHT), 6,7 which has been marketed as safer than HT and has been promoted as a superior alternative to HT. 6,8-10 ...The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved some forms of manufactured bioidentical hormones, including bioidentical estriol (a weak form of estrogen) and progesterone.The phrase bioidentical hormone therapy has been recognized by the FDA and the Endocrine Society as a marketing term and not one based on scientific evidence 4. Examples of compounded hormones include Biest (biestrogen) and Triest (triestrogen) preparations. The name Biest commonly refers to an estrogen preparation based on a ratio of 20% ...The first will examine the clinical utility of treating patients with compounded bioidentical hormone replacement therapy (BHRT) products. ... instead of FDA-approved drug products for hormone ...Jul 10, 2020 · Bioidentical progesterone replacement therapy is commonly used by perimenopausal and postmenopausal women whose shifting hormone levels severely affect their well-being, causing symptoms such as irritability, hot flashes, difficulty concentrating, loss of libido, and more. However, women of reproductive age may also choose to take bioidentical ... The gap between a need for effective menopausal treatment and available therapies with a perceived acceptable risk/benefit ratio vastly expanded the use of non-Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved compounded hormone therapy (CHT), 6,7 which has been marketed as safer than HT and has been promoted as a superior alternative to HT. 6,8-10 ...Context: Since 2002, when the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) placed a black box warning on women's hormone replacement products, women and their providers have been struggling with whether to proceed with hormone replacement therapy. Out of the controversy has grown a popular movement promoting the use of bioidentical hormones.Jun 23, 2021 · The categories of hormones gets broken down into bioidentical versus synthetic, and FDA-approved versus non-FDA-approved. FDA-Approved Hormone therapy Numerous FDA-approved hormone preparations are available for the treatment of menopausal symptoms, gender-affirming therapy, birth control, and menstrual regulation. They have names such as Estrace, Alora, Climara, Estring and Vagifem. A woman who still has her uterus and who goes on hormone therapy for menopause symptoms should also take progesterone to reduce her risk for uterine cancer. FDA-approved bioidentical progesterone products, such as Prometrium, are available as well.October 17, 2019 | Filed under: Health, Menopause. I’m so thrilled to have Dr. Barbie Taylor a.k.a. “Menopause Taylor” with us today! She’s a retired OB/GYN who’s dedicated her 2nd half to educating women about menopause! If you’re a woman (of any age), this is a must watch video! I was a typical aging woman who had NO ….Jun 3, 2021 · Most of these hormones, except progesterone, are not approved by the FDA for use in women. Purchasing FDA-approved progesterone requires a medical prescription. Scientists report that FDA-approved progesterone BHRT products also adopt the name “body-identical” to avoid confusion with compounded bioidentical hormones (cBHRT). They are ... May 25, 2023 · Bioidentical hormones. These hormones come from plant sources. The term "bioidentical" implies the hormones in the product are chemically identical to those your body produces. There are some commercially available bioidentical hormones approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Jul 1, 2020 · The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved dozens of hormone therapy products for men and women, including estrogen, progesterone, testosterone, and related compounds. These products have been reviewed for safety and efficacy and are indicated for treatment of symptoms resulting from hormonal changes associated with menopause or ... “The [widely available] FDA-approved bioidentical hormones produced in monitored facilities demonstrate a high quality of safety and efficiency in trials; therefore, there is no rationale for the routine prescribing of unregulated, untested, and potentially harmful custom-compounded bioidentical HTs.”Companies that make bioidentical hormone therapy use the term “bioidentical” to suggest that their products are exactly the same as natural hormones. Many of these companies also claim that their products are safer than menopausal hormone therapy. However, the FDA does not recognize this term or regulate these products. No studies have been ...Jul 1, 2020 · The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved dozens of hormone therapy products for men and women, including estrogen, progesterone, testosterone, and related compounds. These products have been reviewed for safety and efficacy and are indicated for treatment of symptoms resulting from hormonal changes associated with menopause or ... Indeed, the appeal of bioidentical hormone therapy has not been lost on the public or the medical community: nearly one-third of women who now use hormone therapy do so with bioidentical hormones (Gass 2015). Many FDA-approved commercial preparations now utilize bioidentical hormones, which is helping spread acceptance of bioidentical HRT among ...The FDA’s Pharmacy Compounding Advisory Committee (PCAC) should review select hormones for the Difficult to Compound list, including estradiol, estrone, estradiol, progesterone, estriol, testosterone, and the pellet dosage form. The federal government and State Boards of Pharmacy should expand and improve oversight of 503A “traditional ...by DonnaWhite | Oct 11, 2019. The quick answer is yes, bioidentical hormones are FDA approved but hold on, this is a very controversial and somewhat complex topic that requires more explanation. Some bioidentical hormones are manufactured by drug companies, are approved by the FDA, and sold in standard doses.Bioidentical testosterone is currently not FDA approved or commercially available for women. Through compounding pharmacy technology, the product can be formulated for off-label use, but again, will not be covered by insurance. Two gels are approved in the U.S. for men only: AndroGel and Testim (1%). There are no FDA approved products for cis ...Aug 12, 2020 · Patented synthetic hormones require extensive testing and funding, which helps keep the FDA in business. When looking at the safety of bioidentical hormones, several things stand out. As mentioned above, the risk of breast cancer is reduced using bioidentical hormones. Given the lack of well-designed and well-conducted clinical trials of these compounded hormones, ACOG recommended that all of them should be considered to have the same safety issues as those hormone products that are approved by the FDA and may also have additional risks unique to the compounding process.Estrogen, progesterone and testosterone are the most commonly used bioidentical hormones. Some prescription forms of bioidentical hormones are premade by drug companies. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved certain types of bioidentical hormones. Jul 19, 2022 · Pharmacies that compound bioidentical hormones, though, do not have to submit paperwork since they aren’t FDA-approved. On the surface, this may make it seem as though compounded bioidentical hormones are safer since they don’t list side effects. But the reality is that they simply aren’t known. “The [widely available] FDA-approved bioidentical hormones produced in monitored facilities demonstrate a high quality of safety and efficiency in trials; therefore, there is no rationale for the routine prescribing of unregulated, untested, and potentially harmful custom-compounded bioidentical HTs.”Hormone Route of administration Bioidentical brand name (active pharmaceutical ingredient) Non-Bioidentical brand name (active pharmaceutical ingredient) Estrogen: Oral: FDA-approved Estrace®, generics (17β-estradiol)Available compounded (not FDA-approved) Estradiol (E2), estriol (E3), biestrogen (E2E3), triestrogen (E1E2E3) FDA-approvedIn contrast to FDA-approved drug products, compounded bioidentical hormone therapy (cBHT) preparations lack standardized production methods, potentially leading to state-by-state and even pharmacy-by-pharmacy variability in the medications dispensed to patients.They have names such as Estrace, Alora, Climara, Estring and Vagifem. A woman who still has her uterus and who goes on hormone therapy for menopause symptoms should also take progesterone to reduce her risk for uterine cancer. FDA-approved bioidentical progesterone products, such as Prometrium, are available as well.May 27, 2022 · There are FDA-approved bioidentical hormone products available, including estradiol ... The FDA has approved several bioidentical hormones. Somers' books, however, describes custom-compounded bioidentical hormones, meaning they are produced by a pharmacy mixing ingredients of various ...Patented synthetic hormones require extensive testing and funding, which helps keep the FDA in business. When looking at the safety of bioidentical hormones, several things stand out. As mentioned above, the risk of breast cancer is reduced using bioidentical hormones.The FDA has approved bioidentical formulations of both estrogen and progesterone. Products include (FDA) oral, transdermal, and vaginal 17β-estradiol and oral progesterone. These products are carefully controlled and regulated, allowing for improved safety and known risks. If women are interested in using bioidentical hormone therapy, considerCompounded bioidentical hormone replacement therapy (BHRT) products such as progesterone and testosterone, are used at times instead of FDA-approved drugs for hormone replacement therapy. The phrase bioidentical hormone therapy has been recognized by the FDA and the Endocrine Society as a marketing term and not one based on scientific evidence 4. Examples of compounded hormones include Biest (biestrogen) and Triest (triestrogen) preparations. The name Biest commonly refers to an estrogen preparation based on a ratio of 20% ...Read on to learn the definitions of compounded and bioidentical and what being “FDA-approved” tells you about a product. Compounded hormone therapy — sometimes called compounded bioidentical hormone therapy, abbreviated as cBHT — refers to the non-FDA-approved bioidentical options (pictured on the far-right branch of the decision tree ...Apr 14, 2021 · not currently available as an FDA-approved drug product” (p. 195). “The term ‘bioidentical hormone’ generally refers to sex steroid hormones, usually an estrogen, an androgen or progesterone, that has the same chemical and molecular structure [and The FDA has approved bioidentical formulations of both estrogen and progesterone. Products include (FDA) oral, transdermal, and vaginal 17β-estradiol and oral progesterone. These products are carefully controlled and regulated, allowing for improved safety and known risks. If women are interested in using bioidentical hormone therapy, considerBreast tumors that contain estrogen and/or progesterone receptors are sometimes called hormone receptor positive (HR positive). Most ER-positive breast cancers are also PR positive. Breast cancers that lack ERs are called ER negative, and if they lack both ER and PR they may be called HR negative. Approximately 67%–80% of breast cancers in ...The FDA’s Pharmacy Compounding Advisory Committee (PCAC) should review select hormones for the Difficult to Compound list, including estradiol, estrone, estradiol, progesterone, estriol, testosterone, and the pellet dosage form. The federal government and State Boards of Pharmacy should expand and improve oversight of 503A “traditional ...(See Table for a list of FDA-approved bioi-dentical HT products.) Another hormone, testosterone (shown to improve sexual desire), is not currently available as an FDA-approved bioidentical product. Confusion and unsubstantiated claims surround the custom-compounded bioidentical hormone therapy products used to treatMay 27, 2022 · There are FDA-approved bioidentical hormone products available, including estradiol ... In addition to this, these drugs used estriol, a weaker form of estrogen which does not have FDA approval. The Benefits and Risks of Bioidentical Hormone Therapy. As with any health treatment, bioidentical hormones come with benefits and risks. The benefits of FDA-approved bioidentical hormone therapy stem from the nature of their creation.The term CBHT refers to hormone preparations that (1) have exactly the same chemical and molecular structure as the estrogens and progesterone produced within the human body, (2) are plant derived, and (3) are specifically compounded for an individual patient. Custom CBHT is not FDA-approved for treatment of menopausal symptoms. 16.To learn more, review the BIJUVA Patient Information and talk about BIJUVA with your healthcare provider or pharmacist. The FDA-approved product labeling, including Patient Information, can be found here. You are encouraged to report negative side effects of prescription drugs to the FDA. Visit MedWatch or call 1-800-FDA-1088.Compounded “Bioidentical” Hormone Therapy (cBHT), particularly estrogen and progesterone, have been promoted by some as safer and more effective alternatives to manufactured FDA-approved hormone therapies (HT) for relief of symptoms of the menopause. In fact, little or no scienti˜ c evidence exists to support suchJul 9, 2020 · The agency has latched onto this false conclusion from a report it commissioned, and it is another direct threat to estriol and compounded bioidentical hormones’ future. Action Alert! The FDA’s announcement regarding bioidentical hormones came just hours after the National Academy of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine (NASEM) released their report reviewing the “clinical utility” of Read on to learn the definitions of compounded and bioidentical and what being “FDA-approved” tells you about a product. Compounded hormone therapy — sometimes called compounded bioidentical hormone therapy, abbreviated as cBHT — refers to the non-FDA-approved bioidentical options (pictured on the far-right branch of the decision tree ...Dec 7, 2020 · Compounding pharmacies should be aware of recent developments in the law surrounding bioidentical hormone therapy (cBHT). In the field of pharmacy, compounding (performed in compounding pharmacies) is preparation of a custom formulation of a medication to fit the unique need of a patient which cannot be met with commercially available products. Compounded drugs are not FDA-approved. The Food ... Aug 12, 2020 · Patented synthetic hormones require extensive testing and funding, which helps keep the FDA in business. When looking at the safety of bioidentical hormones, several things stand out. As mentioned above, the risk of breast cancer is reduced using bioidentical hormones. Aug 17, 2022 · Bioidentical hormones are synthetic (artificial) hormones often confused with natural hormones derived from plants. Standard BHRT is tested, approved, and regulated by the FDA, while cBHRT is not. Many people prefer BHRT because of its perceived safety and because it can be customized. Bioidentical hormones. These hormones come from plant sources. The term "bioidentical" implies the hormones in the product are chemically identical to those your body produces. There are some commercially available bioidentical hormones approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA).3 Tips for Managing Menopause Get Help Many women suffer in silence because they are ashamed about their symptoms. Talk to your healthcare provider about how you are feeling. Find out if there...Bioidentical hormones are man-made hormones derived from plants, often soy and yams, that are chemically identical to those the human body produces. As such, they bind to the estrogen and testosterone receptors in the same way as women’s endogenous hormones have throughout their lives . The U.S. FDA has approved some forms of manufactured ...Compounding pharmacies should be aware of recent developments in the law surrounding bioidentical hormone therapy (cBHT). In the field of pharmacy, compounding (performed in compounding pharmacies) is preparation of a custom formulation of a medication to fit the unique need of a patient which cannot be met with commercially available products. Compounded drugs are not FDA-approved. The Food ...May 13, 2016 · The author, an AP medical writer, might be horrified to know that these non-FDA approved bioidentical hormones, (estradiol, progesterone, estriol and testosterone), are floating around in her blood stream right now, and have been since she was born. So, please, don’t do anything impulsive or crazy, like trying to remove these non-FDA approved ... Jul 10, 2020 · The benefits of FDA-approved bioidentical hormone therapy stem from the nature of their creation. They are created at a molecular level in order to be as close a match as possible for their patients. On the other hand, since no conclusive study has yet been made, it can't be concluded that bioidentical hormones are any safer than synthetic ... The FDA’s Pharmacy Compounding Advisory Committee (PCAC) should review select hormones for the Difficult to Compound list, including estradiol, estrone, estradiol, progesterone, estriol, testosterone, and the pellet dosage form. The federal government and State Boards of Pharmacy should expand and improve oversight of 503A “traditional ...Bioidentical hormones are broadly categorized, as either tested and reviewed by the FDA or not. Products approved by the FDA have undergone extensive testing and quality control.Dec 12, 2022 · The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved some forms of manufactured bioidentical hormones, including bioidentical estriol (a weak form of estrogen) and progesterone. The first will examine the clinical utility of treating patients with compounded bioidentical hormone replacement therapy (BHRT) products. ... are used at times instead of FDA-approved drug ... A long list of FDA-approved hormone products contain 17-beta estradiol and, therefore, are bioidentical. Examples include oral esterase, estradiol transdermal patches (Climara®, Vivelle®) and the vaginal ring (Estring®). Prometrium® is an oral FDA-approved bioidentical progesterone product. The next misconception is that progesterone ...(See Table for a list of FDA-approved bioi-dentical HT products.) Another hormone, testosterone (shown to improve sexual desire), is not currently available as an FDA-approved bioidentical product. Confusion and unsubstantiated claims surround the custom-compounded bioidentical hormone therapy products used to treat(See Table for a list of FDA-approved bioi-dentical HT products.) Another hormone, testosterone (shown to improve sexual desire), is not currently available as an FDA-approved bioidentical product. Confusion and unsubstantiated claims surround the custom-compounded bioidentical hormone therapy products used to treatMenopause is a normal, natural change in a woman’s life when her period stops. That’s why some people call menopause “the change of life” or “the change.”. During menopause a woman’s ...Sep 29, 2021 · Doses should be as low as possible to help ease the symptoms, and then taken for the shortest amount of time. For some women, this may be for a few months, for others, years. If you are taking HRT for serious menopause symptoms, you may be reluctant to stop taking HRT, for fear the symptoms will return. The agency has latched onto this false conclusion from a report it commissioned, and it is another direct threat to estriol and compounded bioidentical hormones’ future. Action Alert! The FDA’s announcement regarding bioidentical hormones came just hours after the National Academy of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine (NASEM) released their report reviewing the “clinical utility” ofCustom hormone treatments, called compounded bioidentical hormone therapies (cBHTs), are often promoted by celebrities as natural or safer than FDA-approved therapies. UConn toxicologist José Manautou, who heads the department of pharmaceutical sciences, served on the committee that wrote the National Academies report.compounded drugs, and then it reviews key regulatory issues related to the U.S. compounded drug market. 2 FDA-APPROVED DRUG PRODUCTS. FDA approves a new drug for public use only after careful review of data from preclinical studies in animals and human clinical trials that determine whether the benefits of the drug outweigh its known and potential risks. Jan 18, 2023 · FDA approved bioidentical hormones are intended for standard doses that are mass-produced by manufacturers. If you need a dose that is higher or lower than what a manufacturer makes, then you must have it compounded to your individual needs. There are 3 types of bioidentical estrogens. The stronger and more active estrogen against menopausal ...

Mar 10, 2021 · Source: goodtoknow.co.uk. On the other hand, many of these points may be directly treated with bioidentical hormone alternative therapy. Hormone preparations specially tailor made for patients by compounding pharmacies, often known as bioidentical hormones, are extensively touted as being safer and more natural than Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved variations of hormones. . Cheap bathroom vanities with sink under dollar100

list of fda approved bioidentical hormones

FDA Approved Drugs. The following database contains a listing of drugs approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for sale in the United States. Drug information typically includes the drug name, approval status, indication of use, and clinical trial results. A.Oct 18, 2017 · The good news for women who make this choice is that there are many FDA-approved bioidentical hormone products that supply estradiol that you can buy...with a prescription, of course...at any neighborhood pharmacy. They have names such as Estrace, Alora, Climara, Estring and Vagifem. Given the lack of well-designed and well-conducted clinical trials of these compounded hormones, ACOG recommended that all of them should be considered to have the same safety issues as those hormone products that are approved by the FDA and may also have additional risks unique to the compounding process.Estrogen, progesterone and testosterone are the most commonly used bioidentical hormones. Some prescription forms of bioidentical hormones are premade by drug companies. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved certain types of bioidentical hormones. An update in the fight to protect estriol and other hormones from an FDA ban. Action Alert! We’ve said before that the FDA is stacking the deck against bioidentical hormones; now it seems incontrovertible. Time is running out for the natural health community to mount an effective defense of estriol and other compounded, bioidentical hormones from an FDAMenopause is a normal, natural change in a woman’s life when her period stops. That’s why some people call menopause “the change of life” or “the change.”. During menopause a woman’s ...Mar 11, 2021 · Bioidentical hormones are available as FDA-approved hormone formulations. Nonapproved custom-compounded preparations are marketed as bioidentical, but content is uncertain. The widespread use of compounded bioidentical hormone therapy despite the lack of evidence to support its safety and efficacy is concerning. Estrogen, progesterone and testosterone are the most commonly used bioidentical hormones. Some prescription forms of bioidentical hormones are premade by drug companies. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved certain types of bioidentical hormones. May 31, 2019 · The FDA has approved bioidentical formulations of both estrogen and progesterone. Products include (FDA) oral, transdermal, and vaginal 17β-estradiol and oral progesterone. These products are carefully controlled and regulated, allowing for improved safety and known risks. If women are interested in using bioidentical hormone therapy, consider The term CBHT refers to hormone preparations that (1) have exactly the same chemical and molecular structure as the estrogens and progesterone produced within the human body, (2) are plant derived, and (3) are specifically compounded for an individual patient. Custom CBHT is not FDA-approved for treatment of menopausal symptoms. 16.Companies that make bioidentical hormone therapy use the term “bioidentical” to suggest that their products are exactly the same as natural hormones. Many of these companies also claim that their products are safer than menopausal hormone therapy. However, the FDA does not recognize this term or regulate these products. No studies have been ...Bioidentical or body-identical hormones are estradiol and progesterone that are molecularly identical to human hormones. Most (not all) modern menopause hormone therapy is bioidentical. Keep reading for a list of brands. The difference between “bioidentical” and “body-identical” is that body-identical is the preferred conventional term ...The gap between a need for effective menopausal treatment and available therapies with a perceived acceptable risk/benefit ratio vastly expanded the use of non-Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved compounded hormone therapy (CHT), 6,7 which has been marketed as safer than HT and has been promoted as a superior alternative to HT. 6,8-10 ....

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